人気論文ランキング
週間人気論文ランキング - 閲覧数 (2010/03/06/ 09時更新)
Howell D Andrew , Sullivan Mark , Nugent Peter E , Ellis Richard S , Conley Alexander J , Le Borgne Damien , Carlberg Raymond G , Guy Julien , Balam David , Basa Stephane , Fouchez Dominique , Hook Isobel M , Hsiao Eric Y , Neill James D , Pain Reynald , Perrett Kathryn M , Pritchet Christopher J
Nature.2006 Sep 21 ; 443(7109):308-11.
PMID: 16988705[]
The accelerating expansion of the Universe, and the need for dark energy, were inferred from observations of type Ia supernovae. There is a consensus that type Ia supernovae are thermonuclear explosions that destroy carbon-oxygen white dwarf stars that have accreted matter from a companion star, although the nature of this companion remains uncertain. These supernovae are thought to be reliable distance indicators because they have a standard amount of fuel and a uniform trigger: they are predicted to explode when the mass of the white dwarf nears the Chandrasekhar mass of 1.4 solar masses (M(o)). Here we show that the high-redshift supernova SNLS-03D3bb has an exceptionally high luminosity and low kinetic energy that both imply a super-Chandrasekhar-mass progenitor. Super-Chandrasekhar-mass supernovae should occur preferentially in a young stellar population, so this may provide an explanation for the observed trend that overluminous type Ia supernovae occur only in 'young' environments. As this supernova does not obey the relations that allow type Ia supernovae to be calibrated as standard candles, and as no counterparts have been found at low redshift, future cosmology studies will have to consider possible contamination from such events.
Rho Yoon-Hwa , Yoon Soo-Hyun , Kim Eun-Kyung , Kang Ji-Young , Lee Byong-Won , Park Ki-Hun , Bae Young-Seuk
Nat Prod Res.2007 Jun ; 21(7):616-24.
PMID: 17613819[]
Cellular DNA topoisomerase I is an important target in cancer chemotherapy. A chloroform extract of the root barks of Cudrania tricuspidata showed an inhibitory effect on mammalian DNA topoisomerase I. The topoisomerase I inhibitory compound was purified and identified as 2',5,7-trihydroxy-4',5'-(2,2-dimethylchromeno)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl) flavanone. The compound, temporarily designated as PKH-3, was shown to inhibit the activity of topoisomerase I with IC50 about 1.0 mM. Concentration of 10 microM PKH-3 caused 50% growth inhibition of human cancer cell U937. PKH-3-induced cell death was characterized with the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and pro-caspase 3. Furthermore, PKH-3 induced the fragmentation of DNA into multiples of 180 b.p. (an apoptotic DNA ladder), indicating that the inhibitor triggered apoptosis. This induction of apoptosis by PKH-3 was also confirmed using flow cytometry analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that PKH-3 may function by inhibiting oncogenic disease, at least in part, through the inhibition of topoisomerase I activity.
Lepper Christoph , Conway Simon J , Fan Chen-Ming
Nature.2009 Jul 30 ; 460(7255):627-31.
PMID: 19554048[]
Myogenic potential, survival and expansion of mammalian muscle progenitors depend on the myogenic determinants Pax3 and Pax7 embryonically, and Pax7 alone perinatally. Several in vitro studies support the critical role of Pax7 in these functions of adult muscle stem cells (satellite cells), but a formal demonstration has been lacking in vivo. Here we show, through the application of inducible Cre/loxP lineage tracing and conditional gene inactivation to the tibialis anterior muscle regeneration paradigm, that, unexpectedly, when Pax7 is inactivated in adult mice, mutant satellite cells are not compromised in muscle regeneration, they can proliferate and reoccupy the sublaminal satellite niche, and they are able to support further regenerative processes. Dual adult inactivation of Pax3 and Pax7 also results in normal muscle regeneration. Multiple time points of gene inactivation reveal that Pax7 is only required up to the juvenile period when progenitor cells make the transition into quiescence. Furthermore, we demonstrate a cell-intrinsic difference between neonatal progenitor and adult satellite cells in their Pax7-dependency. Our finding of an age-dependent change in the genetic requirement for muscle stem cells cautions against inferring adult stem-cell biology from embryonic studies, and has direct implications for the use of stem cells from hosts of different ages in transplantation-based therapy.
Miyashita Yoh , Saiki Atsuhito , Endo Kei , Ban Noriko , Yamaguchi Takashi , Kawana Hidetoshi , Nagayama Daiji , Ohira Masahiro , Oyama Tomokazu , Shirai Kohji
J Atheroscler Thromb.2009 Oct ; 16(5):621-6.
PMID: 19907103[]
AIM: Recently, a novel device for measuring the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) as an arterial stiffness parameter has been developed. In this study, we evaluated the effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and calcium channel (Ca) blocker on CAVI in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension.METHODS: Seventy type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. One group was administered olmesartan medoxomil 10 mg/day for 12 months (ARB group), and the other group was administered amlodipine besilate 5 mg/day for 12 months (Ca blocker group).RESULTS: In the ARB group, a significant decrease in CAVI was observed after 12 months; however, no significant change in CAVI was observed in the Ca blocker group although changes in blood pressure were almost the same. By simple regression analyses, CAVI changes correlated positively with 8-OHdG changes.CONCLUSIONS: Olmesartan, an ARB, improved arterial stiffness more than amlodipine, and this effect might be due to not only the blood pressure-lowering effect but also to reducing the potential of oxidative stress recognized in olmesartan.
Serenó L , Coma M , Rodríguez M , Sánchez-Ferrer P , Sánchez M B , Gich I , Agulló J M , Pérez M , Avila J , Guardia-Laguarta C , Clarimón J , Lleó A , Gómez-Isla T
Neurobiol Dis.2009 Sep ; 35(3):359-67.
PMID: 19523516[]
Amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal cell death in selectively vulnerable brain regions are the chief hallmarks in Alzheimer's (AD) brains. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is one of the key kinases required for AD-type abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau, which is believed to be a critical event in neurofibrillary tangle formation. GSK-3 has also been recently implicated in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing/Abeta production, apoptotic cell death, and learning and memory. Thus, GSK-3 inhibition represents a very attractive drug target in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. To investigate whether GSK-3 inhibition can reduce amyloid and tau pathologies, neuronal cell death and memory deficits in vivo, double transgenic mice coexpressing human mutant APP and tau were treated with a novel non-ATP competitive GSK-3beta inhibitor, NP12. Treatment with this thiadiazolidinone compound resulted in lower levels of tau phosphorylation, decreased amyloid deposition and plaque-associated astrocytic proliferation, protection of neurons in the entorhinal cortex and CA1 hippocampal subfield against cell death, and prevention of memory deficits in this transgenic mouse model. These results show that this novel GSK-3 inhibitor has a dual impact on amyloid and tau alterations and, perhaps even more important, on neuronal survival in vivo further suggesting that GSK-3 is a relevant therapeutic target in AD.
Leppkes Moritz , Becker Christoph , Ivanov Ivaylo I , Hirth Sebastian , Wirtz Stefan , Neufert Clemens , Pouly Sandrine , Murphy Andrew J , Valenzuela David M , Yancopoulos George D , Becher Burkhard , Littman Dan R , Neurath Markus F
Gastroenterology.2009 Jan ; 136(1):257-67.
PMID: 18992745[]
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: IL-17-producing CD4(+) T-helper cells (Th17) contribute to chronic autoimmune inflammation in the brain, and levels of Th17-derived cytokines increase in patients with colitis, suggesting a role in pathogenesis. We analyzed the roles of Th17 cells and the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related organ receptor (ROR)gamma, which regulates Th17 differentiation, in chronic intestinal inflammation. METHODS: Using an adoptive transfer model of colitis, we compared the colitogenic potential of wild-type, interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-, IL-17F-, IL-22-, and RORgamma-deficient CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells in RAG1-null mice. RESULTS: Adoptive transfer of IL-17A-, IL-17F-, or IL-22-deficient T lymphocytes into RAG1-null mice caused severe colitis that was indistinguishable from that caused by wild-type cells. In contrast, transfer of RORgamma-null T cells failed to increase mucosal IL-17 cytokine levels and did not induce colitis. Treatment with IL-17A was able to restore colitis after transfer of RORgamma-null T cells, indicating a crucial role for Th17 cells in pathogenesis. Treatment of RAG1 mice that received IL-17F-null (but not wild-type) T cells with a neutralizing anti-IL-17A antibody significantly suppressed disease, indicating redundant biological effects of IL-17A and IL-17F. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a crucial role of RORgamma-expressing Th17 cells in chronic intestinal inflammation. RORgamma controls IL-17A and IL-17F production, and these cytokines have a redundant but highly pathogenic role in gut inflammation. Reagents that target RORgamma or a combination of anti-IL-17A and anti-IL-17F might be developed as therapeutics for chronic colitis.
Zhou Yuan , Toh Myew-Ling , Zrioual Saloua , Miossec Pierre
Cytokine.2007 Jun ; 38(3):157-64.
PMID: 17644350[]
Inflammatory processes are implicated in gastric cancer development. In contrast, the role of inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines in established cancer remains to be clarified. We investigated the contribution of IL-17A versus IL-17F-mediated intracellular signalling pathways in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells. IL-8 secretion was evaluated by ELISA, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)(4) by Western blotting, and activator protein 1(AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) by TransAM transcription factor assay or qRT-PCR. IL-17RA and IL-17RC inhibition were achieved by small interfering RNA (siRNA). IL-17A significantly induced activation of all three MAPK (ERK, p38 and JNK) and downstream transcription factors AP-1 and p65 NFkappaB. IL-17F was less potent but induced a significant activation of p65 NFkappaB. Consistently, IL-17A was more potent to induce IL-8 secretion than IL-17F. Inhibition of either IL-17RA or IL-17RC expression via siRNA led to near complete abrogation of IL-17A-mediated c-Jun and p65 activation. These data suggest that in gastric cancer, absence of either IL-17RA or IL-17RC can inhibit IL-17 responsiveness. Conversely, downstream of IL-17R binding, IL-17A and IL-17F induce key signal transduction pathways implicated in inflammation and carcinogenesis. IL-17A, and possibly IL-17F, may contribute to amplification and persistence of inflammatory processes implicated in inflammation-associated cancer.
Fogari Roberto , Malamani Gian , Corradi Luca , Mugellini Amedeo , Preti Paola , Zoppi Annalisa , Derosa Giuseppe
Adv Ther.2010 Feb 19 ; ():.
PMID: 20174905[]
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the effect on ankle edema of adding valsartan (V) or olmesartan (O) to amlodipine (A) in the treatment of hypertension. METHODS: After a 4-week placebo period, 74 adult outpatients with essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure [DBP] >90 and <110 mmHg, and systolic blood pressure [SBP] >140 mmHg) were treated with A 10 mg once daily for 4 weeks. Thereafter, nonresponder patients (DBP >90 mmHg and/or SBP >140 mmHg; n=51) were randomized to receive additional V 160 mg once daily or O 20 mg once daily for 8 weeks in two crossover periods, each separated by a 4-week placebo period. Clinic blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and ankle/foot volume (AFV) were evaluated and blood samples were drawn to evaluate plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels. RESULTS: Both V/A and O/A induced a greater SBP/DBP reduction than A monotherapy (-26.4/-20.8 mmHg and -24.4/-19.1 mmHg, respectively; all P<0.001 vs. baseline and P<0.01 vs. A). A monotherapy increased AFV by 24%, P<0.001 vs. baseline, while the addition of either V or A reduced such increases. However, with V/A the AFV increase (+9.7%, P<0.05 vs. baseline, P<0.01 vs. A) was lower than with O/A (+16.7%, P<0.01 vs. baseline, P<0.05 vs. A); the difference between the two combinations was significant. Plasma NE levels were significantly increased by A (+44.6%) and values did not change with the addition of V (+35.2%) or O (+33.7%). Plasma active renin (PAR) was unchanged by A but increased by V/A (+214.4%, P<0.05 vs. baseline) and further by O/A (+325.6%, P<0.01 vs. baseline; difference between the 2 combinations: P<0.05). An inverse correlation was found between the AFV decrease and PAR increase (r=-0.31, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Adding V or O to A reduced ankle edema, but this effect was more pronounced with V. The greater degree of renin-angiotensin system activation observed with Ocould be related to such a difference.
Kamnaing Pierre , Tsopmo Apollinaire , Tanifum Eric A , Tchuendem Marguerite H K , Tane Pierre , Ayafor Johnson F , Sterner Olov , Rattendi Donna , Iwu Maurice M , Schuster Brian , Bacchi Cyrus
J Nat Prod.2003 Mar ; 66(3):364-7.
PMID: 12662093[]
Three new diarylheptanoids, (4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one, letestuianin A (1), (4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one, letestuianin B (2), and 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptan-3,5-dione, letestuianin C (3), as well as the known (4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one (5) were isolated from Aframomum letestuianum. The known flavonoids 3-acetoxy-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone, 3-acetoxy-7-methoxy-5,4'-dihydroxyflavanone, 7-methoxy-3,5,4'-trihydroxyflavone, and 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavan were also obtained from this plant. Their structures were determined using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The four diarylheptanoids were tested for growth inhibitory activity in vitro versus bloodstream forms of African trypanosomes. IC(50) values in the range of 1-3 microg/mL were found for compounds 3 and 5.
Hypertens Res.2009 Oct 9 ; ():.
PMID: 19816505[]
A 12-week randomized, double-blind, four-arm parallel-group, comparative study was conducted in patients with essential hypertension to evaluate the antihypertensive effect and safety of combination therapy with olmesartan medoxomil (OLM, an angiotensin-receptor blocker) 20 mg plus azelnidipine (AZL, a long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker) 16 mg, (O/A (20/16)), or OLM 10 mg/AZL 8 mg (O/A (10/8)) compared with those of monotherapy with OLM 20 mg (OLM (20)) or AZL 16 mg (AZL (16)). The change from baseline to week 12 in seated blood pressure (SeBP) was -23.6/-14.2 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic BP) in the O/A (20/16) group, and -20.3/-13.0 mm Hg in the O/A (10/8) group, which was a significantly greater reduction in SeBP than in the monotherapy groups (-15.7/-9.9 mm Hg in OLM (20); -15.0/-9.4 mm Hg in AZL (16)). The change from baseline in 24-h ambulatory BP was also significantly greater in the O/A (20/16) and O/A (10/8) combination groups (-22.1/-13.5 and -18.2/-10.6 mm Hg, respectively) than in the OLM (20) and AZL (16) monotherapy groups (-12.1/-6.9 and -12.0/-6.9 mm Hg). The proportion of patients achieving the SeBP goal (<130/85 mm Hg for normal BP or <140/90 mm Hg for high-normal BP) was significantly higher in the O/A (20/16) combination group than in the monotherapy groups. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the O/A combination groups and the monotherapy groups. These results showed that combination therapy with O/A was well tolerated and exerted a stronger antihypertensive effect compared with monotherapy with OLM or AZL in patients with essential hypertension.Hypertension Research advance online publication, 9 October 2009; doi:10.1038/hr.2009.163.
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週間人気論文ランキング - 保存数 (2010/03/06/ 09時更新)
Hypertens Res.2009 Oct 9 ; ():.
PMID: 19816505[]
A 12-week randomized, double-blind, four-arm parallel-group, comparative study was conducted in patients with essential hypertension to evaluate the antihypertensive effect and safety of combination therapy with olmesartan medoxomil (OLM, an angiotensin-receptor blocker) 20 mg plus azelnidipine (AZL, a long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker) 16 mg, (O/A (20/16)), or OLM 10 mg/AZL 8 mg (O/A (10/8)) compared with those of monotherapy with OLM 20 mg (OLM (20)) or AZL 16 mg (AZL (16)). The change from baseline to week 12 in seated blood pressure (SeBP) was -23.6/-14.2 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic BP) in the O/A (20/16) group, and -20.3/-13.0 mm Hg in the O/A (10/8) group, which was a significantly greater reduction in SeBP than in the monotherapy groups (-15.7/-9.9 mm Hg in OLM (20); -15.0/-9.4 mm Hg in AZL (16)). The change from baseline in 24-h ambulatory BP was also significantly greater in the O/A (20/16) and O/A (10/8) combination groups (-22.1/-13.5 and -18.2/-10.6 mm Hg, respectively) than in the OLM (20) and AZL (16) monotherapy groups (-12.1/-6.9 and -12.0/-6.9 mm Hg). The proportion of patients achieving the SeBP goal (<130/85 mm Hg for normal BP or <140/90 mm Hg for high-normal BP) was significantly higher in the O/A (20/16) combination group than in the monotherapy groups. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the O/A combination groups and the monotherapy groups. These results showed that combination therapy with O/A was well tolerated and exerted a stronger antihypertensive effect compared with monotherapy with OLM or AZL in patients with essential hypertension.Hypertension Research advance online publication, 9 October 2009; doi:10.1038/hr.2009.163.
Wang Bin , Han Jin , Gao Yuan , Xiao Zhifeng , Chen Bing , Wang Xia , Zhao Wenxue , Dai Jianwu
Neurosci Lett.2007 Jun 29 ; 421(3):191-6.
PMID: 17574753[]
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation is a promising or potential therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, their clinical use is limited because of the availability. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been identified as an alternative source of adult stem cells in recent years. ADSCs could be differentiated into various mesenchymal tissues cells such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and myocytes and also could be differentiated into neural lineages. In this study, we examined the feasibility of using ADSCs as a source of stem cells for the differentiation of OECs by co-culture approach. When co-cultured with OECs, the ADSCs on three-dimensional collagen scaffolds were differentiated into OEC-like cells, with similar morphology and antigenic phenotypes (p75NTR+/Nestin+/GFAP-) of OECs. Co-cultured ADSCs were positive for several important functional markers of mature OECs such as neurotrophic factor GDNF, BDNF and myelin protein PLP and the conditioned medium of OEC-like cells could significantly promote DRG neuron growth and axon sprouting without NGF supporting in contrast to that of the ADSCs. Our results showed that ADSCs had the potential to differentiate into OEC-like cells on the three-dimensional collagen scaffolds in vitro.
Mol Psychiatry.2009 Oct 27 ; ():.
PMID: 19859069[]
Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as potential candidates for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, because of their ability to promote neurogenesis. MSCs promote neurogenesis by differentiating into neural lineages as well as by expressing neurotrophic factors that enhance the survival and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Depression has been associated with impaired neurogenesis in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the therapeutic potential of MSCs in the Flinders sensitive line (FSL), a rat animal model for depression. Rats received an intracerebroventricular injection of culture-expanded and 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)-labeled bone marrow-derived MSCs (10(5) cells). MSC-transplanted FSL rats showed significant improvement in their behavioral performance, as measured by the forced swim test and the dominant-submissive relationship (DSR) paradigm. After transplantation, MSCs migrated mainly to the ipsilateral dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, and to a lesser extent to the thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex and contralateral hippocampus. Neurogenesis was increased in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus and hippocampus of engrafted rats (granular cell layer) and was correlated with MSC engraftment and behavioral performance. We therefore postulate that MSCs may serve as a novel modality for treating depressive disorders.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 27 October 2009; doi:10.1038/mp.2009.110.
Lepper Christoph , Conway Simon J , Fan Chen-Ming
Nature.2009 Jul 30 ; 460(7255):627-31.
PMID: 19554048[]
Myogenic potential, survival and expansion of mammalian muscle progenitors depend on the myogenic determinants Pax3 and Pax7 embryonically, and Pax7 alone perinatally. Several in vitro studies support the critical role of Pax7 in these functions of adult muscle stem cells (satellite cells), but a formal demonstration has been lacking in vivo. Here we show, through the application of inducible Cre/loxP lineage tracing and conditional gene inactivation to the tibialis anterior muscle regeneration paradigm, that, unexpectedly, when Pax7 is inactivated in adult mice, mutant satellite cells are not compromised in muscle regeneration, they can proliferate and reoccupy the sublaminal satellite niche, and they are able to support further regenerative processes. Dual adult inactivation of Pax3 and Pax7 also results in normal muscle regeneration. Multiple time points of gene inactivation reveal that Pax7 is only required up to the juvenile period when progenitor cells make the transition into quiescence. Furthermore, we demonstrate a cell-intrinsic difference between neonatal progenitor and adult satellite cells in their Pax7-dependency. Our finding of an age-dependent change in the genetic requirement for muscle stem cells cautions against inferring adult stem-cell biology from embryonic studies, and has direct implications for the use of stem cells from hosts of different ages in transplantation-based therapy.
Budiman M A , Chang S-B , Lee S , Yang T J , Zhang H-B , de Jong H , Wing R A
Theor Appl Genet.2004 Jan ; 108(2):190-6.
PMID: 14504748[]
Abscission is a universal process whereby plants shed their organs, such as flowers, fruit and leaves. In tomato, the non-allelic mutations jointless and jointless-2 have been discovered as recessive mutations that completely suppress the formation of pedicel abscission zones. A high resolution genetic map of jointless-2 was constructed using 1,122 jointless F2 plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker RPD140 completely co-segregated with the jointless-2 locus and mapped in a 2.4 cM interval between RFLP markers CD22 and TG618. To chromosome walk to jointless-2, all three markers were used to screen a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library and contigs were developed. Intensive efforts to expand and merge the BAC contigs were unsuccessful because of the highly repetitive sequence content on the distal ends of each contig. To determine the physical distance between and the orientation of the three contigs, we used high resolution pachytene fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping. The RPD140 contig was positioned in the centromeric region of chromosome 12 between two large pericentric heterochromatin blocks, about 50 Mb from the TG618 contig on the short arm and 10 Mb from the CD22 contig on the long arm, respectively. Based on high resolution genetic and physical mapping, we conclude that the jointless-2 gene is located within or near the chromosome 12 centromere where 1 cM is approximately 25 Mb in length.
Yang Tae-Jin , Lee Seunghee , Chang Song-Bin , Yu Yeisoo , de Jong Hans , Wing Rod A
Chromosoma.2005 Jul ; 114(2):103-17.
PMID: 15965704[]
We sequenced a continuous 326-kb DNA stretch of a microscopically defined centromeric region of tomato chromosome 12. A total of 84% of the sequence (270 kb) was composed of a nested complex of repeat sequences including 27 retrotransposons, two transposable elements, three MITEs, two terminal repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIMs), ten unclassified repeats and three chloroplast DNA insertions. The retrotransposons were grouped into three families of Ty3-Gypsy type long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (PCRT1-PCRT3) and one LINE-like retrotransposon (PCRT4). High-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses on pachytene complements revealed that PCRT1a occurs on the pericentromere heterochromatin blocks. PCRT1 was the prevalent retrotransposon family occupying more than 60% of the 326-kb sequence with 19 members grouped into eight subfamilies (PCRT1a-PCRT1h) based on LTR sequence. The PCRT1a subfamily is a rapidly amplified element occupying tens of megabases. The other PCRT1 subfamilies (PCRT1b-PCRT1h) were highly degenerated and interrupted by insertions of other elements. The PCRT1 family shows identity with a previously identified tomato-specific repeat TGR2 and a CENP-B like sequence. A second previously described genomic repeat, TGR3, was identified as a part of the LTR sequence of an Athila-like PCRT2 element of which four copies were found in the 326-kb stretch. A large block of trinucleotide microsatellite (CAA)n occupies the centromere and large portions of the flanking pericentromere heterochromatin blocks of chromosome 12 and most of the other chromosomes. Five putative genes in the remaining 14% of the centromere region were identified, of which one is similar to a transcription regulator (ToCPL1) and a candidate jointless-2 gene.
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Driesen Annelies , Vandenplas Yvan
Int J Pharm Pract.2009 Aug ; 17(4):215-20.
PMID: 20217946[]
OBJECTIVES: Community pharmacists claim a role in health care based on their added value as counsellors and providers of pharmaceutical care. The aim of this study was to assess to what extent they fulfil this role with respect to the management of acute diarrhoea in an 8-month-old baby. METHODS In February 2008, two female simulated clients of 55 and 35 years old visited 101 Belgian pharmacies. Both entered the pharmacy and said: 'I'm here for my grandchild/ my sister's baby. She has diarrhoea.' They only provided more information if the pharmacist asked for it. All the questions and the verbal advice provided by the pharmacist were audio-recorded and the suggested medicines were registered. KEY FINDINGS: One pharmacist did not ask any questions. All the other pharmacists asked the age of the child, 19% asked how long the symptoms had been on-going, 27% asked whether the baby had a fever and 24% inquired about vomiting. Seventy-five per cent of the pharmacists emphasized the importance of sufficient fluid intake and/or the risk of dehydration, while 4% described how to recognize such dehydration symptoms. Oral rehydration solution was suggested by 30% of the pharmacists, while 86% suggested the yeast probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii. Of the 28% spontaneously giving dietary advice, no-one said that normal feeding should restart 'as soon as possible'. Thirty-one per cent advised consulting a doctor, either immediately or in the case of the symptoms not improving after a while. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from inquiring about the child's age, the majority of pharmacists asked too few questions to be able to analyse the situation properly. Ample information was provided on the risk of dehydration, but counselling on the suggested medicines was insufficient.
Vayá Ignacio , Miannay François-Alexandre , Gustavsson Thomas , Markovitsi Dimitra
Chemphyschem.2010 Mar 9 ; ():.
PMID: 20217890[]
2010/03/10
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Viani Lucas , Olivier Yoann , Athanasopoulos Stavros , da Silva Filho Demetrio A , Hulliger Jürg , Brédas Jean-Luc , Gierschner Johannes , Cornil Jérôme
Chemphyschem.2010 Mar 9 ; ():.
PMID: 20217887[]
A great deal of interest has recently focused on host-guest systems consisting of one-dimensional collinear arrays of conjugated molecules encapsulated in the channels of organic or inorganic matrices. Such architectures allow for controlled charge and energy migration processes between the interacting guest molecules and are thus attractive in the field of organic electronics. In this context, we characterize here at a quantum-chemical level the molecular parameters governing charge transport in the hopping regime in 1D arrays built with different types of molecules. We investigate the influence of several parameters (such as the symmetry of the molecule, the presence of terminal substituents, and the molecular size) and define on that basis the molecular features required to maximize the charge carrier mobility within the channels. In particular, we demonstrate that a strong localization of the molecular orbitals in push-pull compounds is generally detrimental to the charge transport properties.
Adv Mater.2010 Mar 9 ; 22(10):.
PMID: 20217851[]
2010/03/10
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Liu Zheng , Zheng Kaihong , Hu Lijun , Liu Ji , Qiu Caiyu , Zhou Haiqing , Huang Haibo , Yang Haifang , Li Meng , Gu Changzhi , Xie Sishen , Qiao Lijie , Sun Lianfeng
Adv Mater.2010 Mar 5 ; 22(9):999-1003.
PMID: 20217828[]
2010/03/10
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Beaupré Serge , Boudreault Pierre-Luc T , Leclerc Mario
Adv Mater.2010 Feb 23 ; 22(8):E6-E27.
PMID: 20217800[]
World energy needs grow each year. To address global warming and climate changes the search for renewable energy sources with limited greenhouse gas emissions and the development of energy-efficient lighting devices are underway. This Review reports recent progress made in the synthesis and characterization of conjugated polymers based on bridged phenylenes, namely, poly(2,7-fluorene)s, poly(2,7-carbazole)s, and poly(2,7-dibenzosilole)s, for applications in solar cells and white-light-emitting diodes. The main strategies and remaining challenges in the development of reliable and low-cost renewable sources of energy and energy-saving lighting devices are discussed.
Brabec Christoph , Waidhas Manfred
Adv Mater.2010 Feb 23 ; 22(8):E4-E5.
PMID: 20217799[]
2010/03/10
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Liu Chang , Li Feng , Ma Lai-Peng , Cheng Hui-Ming
Adv Mater.2010 Feb 23 ; 22(8):E28-E62.
PMID: 20217798[]
Popularization of portable electronics and electric vehicles worldwide stimulates the development of energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, toward higher power density and energy density, which significantly depends upon the advancement of new materials used in these devices. Moreover, energy storage materials play a key role in efficient, clean, and versatile use of energy, and are crucial for the exploitation of renewable energy. Therefore, energy storage materials cover a wide range of materials and have been receiving intensive attention from research and development to industrialization. In this Review, firstly a general introduction is given to several typical energy storage systems, including thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, hydrogen, and electrochemical energy storage. Then the current status of high-performance hydrogen storage materials for on-board applications and electrochemical energy storage materials for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors is introduced in detail. The strategies for developing these advanced energy storage materials, including nanostructuring, nano-/microcombination, hybridization, pore-structure control, configuration design, surface modification, and composition optimization, are discussed. Finally, the future trends and prospects in the development of advanced energy storage materials are highlighted.
Mohan Nitin , Tzeng Yan-Kai , Yang Liling , Chen Yi-Ying , Hui Yuen Yung , Fang Chia-Yi , Chang Huan-Cheng
Adv Mater.2010 Feb 16 ; 22(7):843-7.
PMID: 20217795[]
2010/03/10
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